1.
Definition of Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering
discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the
physical and naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams, buildings and other structures by the use of physical
laws, mathematical
equations and theories
of mechanics.Civil
engineering is the oldest engineering
discipline after military engineering,
and it was defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military
engineering. It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying,
and construction
engineering.
2.
Subject deal with Civi Engineering area
a.
Coastal engineering
Coastal engineering is concerned with managing coastal
areas. In some jurisdictions the terms sea defense and coastal protection are
used to mean, respectively, defence against flooding and erosion. The term
coastal defence is the more traditional term, but coastal management has become
more popular as the field has expanded to include techniques that allow erosion
to claim land.
b. Construction engineering
Construction engineering involves planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geotechnical engineers. As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms, many construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business-like in nature: drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations, and closely-monitoring prices of necessary supplies.
c. Earthquake engineering
Earthquake engineering covers ability of various
structures to withstand hazardous earthquake exposures at the sites of particular location. Earthquake
engineering is a sub discipline
of the broader category of Structural engineering. The main objectives of
earthquake engineering are:
·
Foresee the
consequences of possible earthquakes.
·
Design, construct and
maintain structures to perform at earthquake
exposure up to the expectations and in compliance with building codes.
d. Environmental engineering
Environmental
engineering deals with the treatment of chemical, biological, and/or thermal
waste, the purification of water and air, and the remediation of contaminated sites, due to prior waste disposal or
accidental contamination. Among the topics covered by environmental engineering
are pollutant transport, water purification, waste
water treatment, air pollution, solid waste treatment
and hazardous waste management
e. Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical
engineering is an area of civil engineering concerned with the rock and soil.
Some of
the unique difficulties of geotechnical engineering are the result of the variability
and properties of soil. Boundary
conditions are often
well defined in other branches of civil engineering, but with soil, clearly
defining these conditions can be impossible. The material properties and
behavior of soil are also difficult to predict due to the variability of soil
and limited investigation. This contrasts with the relatively well defined
material properties of steel and concrete used in
other areas of civil engineering.
f. Water resources engineering
Water
resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water
(as a natural resource). As a discipline it therefore combines
hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology,
conservation, and resource management. This area of civil engineering relates to the
prediction and management of both the quality and the quantity of water in both
underground (aquifers)
and above ground (lakes, rivers, and streams) resources.
g. Materials engineering
Another
aspect of Civil engineering is materials science. Materials engineering consists
of protection and prevention like paints and finishes. Alloying is another
aspect of material engineering, combining two different types of metals to
produce a stronger metal.
h. Structural engineering
Structural
engineering is concerned with the structural design and structural analysis of buildings, bridges, towers, flyovers, tunnels, off shore structures like oil and gas fields in the
sea, and other structures. This involves identifying the loads which act upon a
structure and the forces and stresses which arise within that structure due to
those loads, and then designing the structure to successfully support and
resist those loads. Design considerations will include strength, stiffness, and
stability of the structure when subjected to loads which may be static, such as
furniture or self-weight, or dynamic, such as wind, seismic, crowd or vehicle
loads, or transitory, such as temporary construction loads or impact. Other considerations
include cost, constructability, safety, aesthetics and sustainability.
i. Transportation engineering
Transportation engineering is concerned with moving people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner conducive to a vibrant community. This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining transportation infrastructure which includes streets, canals, highways, rail systems, airports, ports, and mass transit. It includes areas such as transportation design, transportation planning, traffic engineering, some aspects of urban engineering, queueing theory, pavement engineering, and infrastructure management.
j. Municipal or urban engineering
Municipal engineering is concerned with municipal infrastructure. This involves specifying, designing, constructing, and maintaining streets, sidewalks, water supply networks, sewers, street lighting, municipal solid waste management and disposal, storage depots for various bulk materials used for maintenance and public works (salt, sand, etc.), public parks and bicycle paths.
3. Job Description of Civil Engineeringareas.
a.
Contractor ( Supervision of Construction )
Supervision
of construction is a provider of services to individuals or business entities
that declared professional experts in the field of supervision of construction
services that is able to carry out supervisory work from the beginning of
construction work until completed and handed over.
b.
Consultant
Scope of Supervision Consultant task is to provide skilled services to Owner (Task giver) and the Technical Management Team in carrying out the
tasks
of
coordination
and
control of
all technical activities of the construction phase of the construction
and
maintenance
period,
involving both management and technological aspects.
c.
Foreman
A foreman is not the same as the supervisor (supervisor) and not as an employee of the contractor company. Foreman in charge of bringing suitably qualified manpower needed as the carpenters, stone, iron and so on, and also lead and supervise their work.
Foreman on construction projects are also required to control the quality of the work to comply with technical specifications and drawings of plans, as well as skills to manage the wages for his work as a charm. Thus the duties of a foreman at hekekatnya has evolved into a human resources manager who is directly related to pruduksi process, so that its position within the management systems are strategic and decisive.
Foreman on construction projects are also required to control the quality of the work to comply with technical specifications and drawings of plans, as well as skills to manage the wages for his work as a charm. Thus the duties of a foreman at hekekatnya has evolved into a human resources manager who is directly related to pruduksi process, so that its position within the management systems are strategic and decisive.
d. Project Manager
The
role of project manager in construction management is a huge responsibility. It
is the duty of a project manager to direct and supervise the project from start
to finish. A project manager must have many different skills, qualities, and
ability to answer the demands of the conditions in construction projects.
e. Quantity Surveyor
Quantity surveyor / estimator at the company's contractors in charge of calculating the volume and the need for building materials
used
to carry out the construction project work both buildings and infrastructure.
f. Marketing Manager
Marketing Manager Duties are as follows:
1. Marketing manager responsible for the management of marketing
2. Marketing manager responsible for the acquisition of the sale and use of campaign funds
3. Marketing manager product manager as a coordinator and sales manager
4. Marketing managers develop the marketing and guide all employees of the marketing section
5. Marketing managers create marketing reports to directors
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